Lithium-ion rechargeable roj teeb?

Cov roj teeb lithium-ion yog roj teeb thib ob) uas yog feem ntau muab cov kev txav ntawm lub labeltrode ntawm qhov zoo thiab hluav taws xob tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm. Thaum lub sij hawm them thiab rho tawm cov txheej txheem, li + ua rau cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo los ntawm cov electrolyte los ntawm cov electrolyte los ntawm electrolyte, thiab lub xeev muaj kev tsis zoo nyob hauv lub xeev lithium-nplua nuj; Thaum rho tawm, qhov tsis sib xws yog qhov tseeb.

Ntu 1: Taw qhia rau roj teeb
Cov roj teeb lithium tau muab faib ua cov roj teeb lithium thiab cov roj teeb lithium-ion. Txawb xov tooj thiab lub khoos phis tawj siv cov roj teeb lithium-ion, uas nquag hu ua Lithium roj teeb. Roj teeb feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov roj ntsha ua cov roj ntsha li hluav taws xob thiab yog tus sawv cev ntawm cov roj teeb niaj hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, cov roj teeb lithium tiag tiag tsis tshua siv rau hauv cov khoom lag luam hluav taws xob txhua hnub vim lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo siab.
Cov roj teeb lithium-ion tau tsim thawj zaug los ntawm Sony Corporation ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide (petroleum roj ntsha (roj hmab licleum Lixcoo2 feem ntau siv los ua cov khoom siv electrode zoo, thiab lixnio2 thiab lixmno4 kuj tau siv. Lipf {{5 5}} diethylene carbonate (ec) + tsaus hlob carbonate (DMC) yog siv los ua cov electrolyte.
Roj roj coke thiab graphite yog cov tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov peev txheej uas yog cov khoom tsis zoo electrode. Lithium Eons tau muab tso rau hauv cov pa roj carbon, uas kov yeej cov teeb meem siab thiab daws cov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov roj teeb lithium kev nyab xeeb. Qhov zoo electrode lixcoo2 tuaj yeem ua tiav qib siab rau kev them nqi thiab kev tawm haujlwm thiab lub neej, uas txo tus nqi. Hauv ntej, kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov roj teeb lithium-ion tau txhim kho. Nws yuav tsum tau tias cov roj teeb lithium-ion yuav nyob ib qho kev ua lag luam loj hauv 21st caug xyoo.

Ntu 2: Roj Teeb Txawv
Lithium-ion roj teeb tau yooj yim tsis meej pem nrog ob lub roj teeb hauv qab no
Lithium roj teeb: Siv xim hlau tawv me me li qhov tsis zoo electrode.
Cov roj teeb lithium-ion: siv cov kua tsis muaj aqueous electrolytes.
Lithium-ion polymer roj teeb: Siv cov pa roj polymers rau gel ua kua organic cov kuab tshuaj, lossis siv tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov roj teeb lithium-ion feem ntau siv graphite cov ntaub ntawv carbon raws li cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo.

Ntu 3: Hom Tseem Ceeb
Raws li cov roj teeb sib txawv uas siv rau hauv cov roj teeb lithium-ion tau muab faib ua cov roj teeb lithium-ion (polymer lithium-ion roj teeb, xa mus rau PLB).
3.1 Cov roj teeb lithium kua roj ntsha
Rechargeable lithium-ion roj teeb yog cov roj teeb siv roj teeb feem ntau hauv cov khoom siv digital niaj hnub xws li lub xov tooj txawb thiab lub laptop. Yog li ntawd, muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lossis kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov roj teeb los tiv thaiv cov roj teeb kim. Kev xav kom muaj roj teeb lithium-ion tau them rau cov muaj ntau heev. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias kev txiav txim siab voltage yog tsis pub dhau ± 1%, loj soob hoom hluav taws xob cov khoom siv lithium ion tau tsim ntau yam kev nyab xeeb, txhim khu kev qha thiab ceev ceev.
Cov xov tooj ntawm tes tau nruab nrog cov roj teeb lithium-ion. Kev siv roj teeb lithium-ion yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom txuas tau lub neej roj teeb ntxiv. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau hauv tiaj tus duab plaub, lub taub hau thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv raws li ntau cov roj teeb sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv ntawm cov ntoo hauv cov koob thiab sib piv. Cov roj teeb lithium-ion feem ntau yog feem ntau 3.7v vim yog cov khoom hloov pauv, thaum ntawd ntawm Lithium Iron phosphate cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob tau zoo yog 3.2V. Tus nqi voltage kawg thaum them tag nrho 4.2V, thiab ntawm Lithium Iron phosphate yog 3.65v. Qhov kev tawm tsam kawg ntawm Lithium-ion roj teeb yog 2.75v rau 3.} V (lub roj teeb hluav taws xob sib txawv, feem ntau} v, thiab ntawm cov hlau phosphate yog 2.5v). Txuas ntxiv mus tawm hauv qab 2.5V (2. {. {V rau cov roj hlau Lithcephate) yog hu rau kev tawm mus, uas yuav ua rau lub roj teeb puas.
Cov roj teeb lithium-ion nrog lithium cobalval oxide hom khoom siv raws li cov hluav taws xob zoo yog tsis tsim nyog rau kev tawm tshiab. Kev tshem tawm ntau dhau tam sim no yuav txo lub sijhawm tshem tawm (qhov kub siab dua yuav tsim tawm sab hauv thiab lub zog yuav ploj mus), thiab yuav txaus ntshai; Tab sis cov roj teeb lithium nrog lithium iron phosphate cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau raug them thiab muaj ntau dua (C yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog 800moos), uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb rau cov hluav taws xob. Yog li no, lub roj teeb lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus muab cov kev tso tawm ntau qhov kev txhuav tam sim no, uas yuav tsum muaj tsawg dua qhov kev tawm kom tawm tshiab tam sim no thaum siv.
Lithium-ion roj teeb muaj qee qhov kev ua haujlwm kub. Lub Hoobkas muab ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas kub, kev tawm hws thiab ntsuas kub. Kev them nyiaj ntau dua yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj mus tas li rau cov roj teeb lithium-ion. Kev them nyiaj ntawm cov roj teeb lithium-ion yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob, thiab qhov kev txwv ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis txhob overcurrent (overheating).
Cov nqi siv feem ntau siv yog 0. 25c ~ 1c. Thaum them nrog qhov loj tam sim no, lub roj teeb kub feem ntau pom kom tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov los ntawm kev rhuav tshem lub roj teeb lossis ua rau tawg.
Kev them nyiaj lithium-ion tau muab faib ua ob theem: tas li them tam sim no ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd tas li voltage them thaum nws nyob ze rau lub clolination voltage. Piv txwv li, lub roj teeb nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 800mAh muaj lub sij hawm them hluav taws xob ntawm 4.2V. Lub roj teeb tau them ib qho tam sim no ntawm 800mA (them tus nqi yog 1C). Thaum pib, lub roj teeb voltage nce nrog txoj kab nqes loj. Thaum lub roj teeb hluav taws xob nyob ze rau 4.2V, nws tau hloov pauv mus rau 4.2V tas li cov hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv, txo qhov tam sim no txo ​​qis, thiab cov hluav taws xob tsis hloov ntau. Thaum lub nqi them rau 1 \/ {10-50 C (qee qhov chaw siv nyiaj tuaj yeem sib txawv thiab ua rau muaj kev sib txawv tom qab 1 \/ 10c thiab xaus kev them nyiaj tom qab lub sijhawm).
3.2 Cov roj teeb lithium-ion
Lub Plaub Hlis 19, 2023, CATL tso tawm roj teeb condensed nrog lub zog ua kom ntom txog li 500Wh \/ kg, uas yuav muaj ntau lub peev xwm ntau yam tsis pub dhau 2023.

Ntu 4: Ua Haujlwm Ua Haujlwm

Cov roj teeb lithium-ion siv cov ntaub ntawv carbon uas yog cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo thiab cov tawv nqaij muaj ntau yam hluav taws xob zoo. Tsis muaj ib qho tsis muaj metallic lithium, tsuas yog lithium ions. Nov yog lub roj teeb lithium-ion. Cov roj ntsha lithium-ion txheeb rau lub sijhawm dav dav rau roj teeb nrog cov khoom lag luam lithium i ion txuas nrog rau cov khoom siv electrode. Kev them nyiaj thiab rho tawm cov roj ntsha lithium-ion roj teeb yog cov txheej txheem ntawm lithium ion embedding thiab de-emedding thiab de-embedding thiab de-embedding thiab de-embedding thiab de-embedding thiab de-embedding thiab de-emed. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm embedding thiab de-empedding ntawm lithium ions, nws yog cov kev cai los sawv cev rau lithium ions kuj yog, nws tau ntxig los yog hais tias los sawv cev rau sawv cev rau qhov tsis zoo electrode). Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev them thiab kev tso tawm, lithium ions yog embedded \/ de-ntxig rau ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes, uas yog lub rooj zaum "ntawm lub rooj zaum uas" pob hluav taws xob lub rooj zaum ".
Thaum lub roj teeb tau them, lithium ions yog tsim ntawm qhov zoo electrode ntawm lub roj teeb, thiab cov tsim tawm Lithium ions txav mus rau qhov tsis zoo electrode los ntawm cov electrolyte. Cov pa roj carbon ua qhov tsis zoo electrode muaj cov qauv fawm kib thiab muaj ntau lub micropores. Lub lithium ions uas mus txog qhov tsis zoo electrode tau embedded nyob rau hauv lub microses ntawm cov roj carbon txheej. Ntau lithium ions yog embedded, siab dua qhov muaj peev xwm them. Ib yam li ntawd, thaum lub roj teeb raug rho tawm (uas yog, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv roj teeb), cov lithium ions ntawm cov pa roj carbon monected yog tso tawm thiab txav mus rov qab mus rau qhov zoo electrode. Ntau lithium ions uas rov qab mus rau qhov zoo electrode, ntau dua qhov muaj peev xwm tawm.
Daim duab
Feem ntau, them cov roj teeb lithium tam sim no tau teeb tsa nruab nrab ntawm 0. 2c thiab 1c. Qhov loj dua tam sim no, kev them nyiaj sai sai, thiab ntau dua qhov kub ntawm lub roj teeb. Ntxiv mus, yog tias tam sim no loj heev, lub peev xwm yuav tsis puv, vim tias electrochemical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sab hauv lub roj teeb siv sijhawm. Ib yam li pouring npias, yog tias koj hliv nws nrawm, nws yuav tsim ua npuas thiab tsis puv.

Ntu 5: Cheebtsam

Hlau Plhaub \/ Aluminium plhaub \/ Cylindrical \/ Mos Ntim Cov Series
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo: cov khoom siv nquag yog feem ntau lithium manganese oxide olide, thiab cov hluav taws xob cov khoom siv roj av Ntshiab lithium manganese oxide yog maj mam fading vim yog qhov loj me, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo lossis tus nqi siab. Cov neeg sau xov xwm tam sim no siv cov ntawv electrolytic txhuas ntawv ci nrog ib tuab ntawm {{1} {1} {1}} microns.
Diaphragm: Ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab tshwj xeeb polymer nrog lub microporous tus qauv uas tso cai lithium ions kom dhau mus dawb, tab sis tshuab hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau.
Cov khoom siv tsis zoo rau hluav taws xob: cov khoom siv nquag yog graphite, lossis carbon nrog cov qauv zoo nkauj, thiab cov neeg sau ntawv tshiab uas tam sim no siv hluav taws xob ntawv nrog {{1} {1} {1}} microns.
Electrolyte: carvolate cov kuab tshuaj uas yaj lithium hexafuorophphathate, thaum polymers siv gel electrolytes.
Roj teeb: Muab faib ua cov plhaub roj teeb hlau (tsis tshua muaj roj teeb), siv rau hauv cov roj teeb hlau (thiab cov khoom siv tsis zoo thiab tsis zoo ntawm lub roj teeb.

Ntu 6: Roj Teeb

Zoo li roj teeb siv tshuaj lom neeg muaj kuab lom, cov roj teeb lithium-ion tseem muaj li peb ntu: zoo electrode, tsis zoo electrode thiab electrolyte. Cov ntaub ntawv electrode yog tag nrho cov lab er ions uas tuaj yeem ua kom pom (ntxig) \/ de-ntxig).
6.1 Cov Ntaub Ntawv Grounds
1) Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Zoo
Muaj ntau ntau cov ntaub ntawv xaiv tau zoo thiab thiab cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb feem ntau siv cov roj ntsha lithium phosphate. Kev sib piv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv:

2) Kev tshwm sim zoo electrode
Lithium ions yog ntxig thaum tso tawm thiab dequercalated thaum them nqi.
Thaum them: lifgo4 → lis 1- xfepo {}} xli {3}} xhe-
Thaum rho tawm: lis {1- xfepo 4+ xli {life- → FIMEPO4
6.2 Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Tsis Zoo
1) Cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo rau hluav taws xob
Graphite feem ntau siv. Cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab tau pom tias Titanates kuj yog cov khoom siv zoo dua. Cov kev tawm tsam tsis zoo: lithium eS yog ntxig thaum lub rooj thiab dequercalated thaum tso tawm.
Thaum them: xli ++ xe -+ 6 c} C → Lixcc6
Thaum rho tawm: Lixc6 → Xli ++ xhe {2}} C
Feem ntau muab faib ua cov hauv qab no:
Cov Khoom Noj Hluav Taws Xob Cov Khoom Tsis Zoo: Cov roj teeb hluav taws xob tsis zoo tau siv cov roj carbon roj, xws li cov roj carbon monoxe, mesophase carbon micreke, carbon fiber, carbon fiber, pyrolytic cob carbon, thiab lwm yam.
Tin-based tsis zoo cov khoom siv hluav taws xob: tin-bin fin tsis zoo cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem faib ua ob hom: tin oxide thiab tin-based composite. Oxide hais txog oxides ntawm ntau lub peev xwm ntawm hlau tin. Tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam lag luam.
Lithium-muaj kev hloov pauv hlau nitride cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo: Tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam.
Alloy cov khoom tsis zoo electrode: suav nrog cov hmoov txhuas tinolo raws li alloys, alloys alloys, cov tshuaj pleev ib ce muaj zog, cov khoom siv nrov nrov, tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam.
Nano-teev cov khoom tsis zoo rau hluav taws xob: nano cov roj carbon monoxes, nano alloy cov ntaub ntawv.
Nano cov ntaub ntawv nano xes oxide: Raws li kev ua lag luam tshiab ntawm cov roj ntsha, thiab cov nano begide thiab them nyiaj ntau thiab them thiab tawm lub sijhawm ntawm cov roj teeb lithium.
6.3 electrolyste
Solute: Cov ntsev lithium feem ntau siv, xws li Lithium perchlorate (LICKLO4), Lithium Hexafuorophphate (lithium tetrafruoroborate (libf4).
Kuab: Txij li cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub roj teeb yog ntau dua li ethercle carvents feem ntau ua rau muaj cov roj teeb ua kom zoo nkauj, ua rau nws muaj roj teeb nyob rau hauv electrode passivation. Organic cov kuab tshuaj tseem coj cov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb xws li cov nplaim taws thiab tawg.
6.4 Txhim Kho Txheej
Carbon-txheej txhuas ntawv ci rau roj teeb (ua cov txheej txheem)
Qhov zoo ntawm cov roj carbon-txheej txhuas ntawv ci hauv cov ntawv thov roj teeb lithium-ion
Inhibit roj teeb plab, txo cov teebmeem thermal, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tus nqi coj tus nqi;
Txo cov roj teeb sab hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab cuam tshuam ntau dua cov kev siv hluav taws xob sab hauv nce ntxiv thaum lub voj voog txheej txheem;
Kev sib haum xeeb, nce lub tsheb kauj vab tsim teeb;
Cov tshuaj zoo ntawm cov tshuaj ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg sau khoom tam sim no, txo tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm ncej ncej;
Tiv thaiv tus neeg sib sau tam sim no los ntawm kev ua corroded los ntawm electrolyte;
Txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lithium Iron phosphate thiab lithium cov ntaub ntawv tananate.
Siv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ua haujlwm los kho qhov chaw ntawm lub roj teeb ua haujlwm ua kom muaj kev kub ntxhov. Carbon-txheej txhuas ntawv ci \/ tooj liab ntawv yog rau tusyees thiab finely caming graphite thiab carbon-coing hais rau cov ntawv ci \/ tooj liab. Nws tuaj yeem muab cov khoom siv zoo li qub thiab sau cov microcurrent ntawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo ntawm qhov tau siv, thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho cov phau ntawv siv, yog li txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub roj teeb. Cov txheej tau muab faib ua ob hom: dej-raws li cov dej a aqueous system) thiab roj-raws (organic kuab system).

Tshooj 7: Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

7.1 Qhov Zoo
High voltage: kev ua haujlwm voltage ntawm ib lub cell yog siab li 3. {}}. 8 zaug yog 3-CD thiab Ni-MH roj teeb.
Lub zog loj tshwj xeeb: lub zog tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem ua tiav yog li 555, {{{{{{{{%, uas ze rau txog 88% ntawm nws tus nqi theoretical.
Lub neej ntev ntev: Feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem mus txog ntau tshaj 500 zaug, lossis ntau tshaj li 1000 zaug, thiab Lithium Iron phosphate tuaj yeem ncav cuag 8000 zaug. Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog cov kev tawm hluav taws xob me me no, qhov kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm lub roj teeb yuav ob npaug ntawm cov khoom sib tw ntawm cov khoom sib tw.
Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb: Tsis muaj kuab paug, tsis nco txiaj ntsig. Raws li tus thawj ntawm Li-ion, Lithium roj teeb tau txo lawv cov chaw thov, txhuas tsis muaj cadmium, txhuas tsis muaj ntau yam uas muaj mercury thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus uas muaj zog ib puag ncig; Ib qho kev hloov pauv loj ntawm Ni-CD roj teeb hauv qee cov txheej txheem (xws li Sintering) yog qhov kev txwv tsis pub siv roj teeb, tab sis Li-ion tsis muaj qhov teeb meem no txhua.
Tsawg tus kheej-tawm: tus nqi yus tus kheej ntawm cov roj teeb uas tau them rau ib hlis twg yog li ntawm ib hlis ib hlis.
Kev them nyiaj ceev ceev: lub peev xwm ntawm 1c them rau 30 feeb tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 80% ntawm cov roj teeb ntawm lub roj teeb tuaj yeem them rau 90% ntawm cov nominal muaj peev xwm hauv 10 feeb.
Kev ua haujlwm kub: Qhov kev ua haujlwm kub yog -25 ~ 45 degree. Nrog kev txhim kho ntawm electrolyte thiab cov khoom siv electrode, nws yuav tsum tau nthuav dav rau -40 ~ 70 degree.
7.2 Qhov Tsis Zoo
Kev laus: tsis zoo li lwm cov roj teeb rov qab, lub peev xwm ntawm cov roj teeb lithium-ion yuav txo qis, uas cuam tshuam nrog tus naj npawb ntawm cov sijhawm siv thiab ntsuas kub. Qhov kev cia siab no tsis tuaj yeem hais tawm los ntawm qhov txo qis hauv kev muaj peev xwm lossis nce ntxiv hauv kev tawm tsam sab hauv. Vim tias nws muaj feem xyuam rau qhov kub thiab txias, nws yog qhov ntau dua yuav tsum tau cuam tshuam hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog kev ua haujlwm siab tam sim no. Hloov graphite nrog lithium titanate zoo li txuas lub neej. Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev cia siab kub thiab tus nqi ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ploj mus: